/** @file list3703.cpp */
/** Listing 37-3. The color Class */
class color
{
public:
  color() : red_(0), green_(0), blue_(0) {}
  color(int r, int g, int b) : red_(r), green_(g), blue_(b) {}
  int red() const { return red_; }
  int green() const { return green_; }
  int blue() const { return blue_; }
  /// Because red(), green(), and blue() are supposed to be in the range [0,255],
  /// it should be possible to add them together in a single long integer.
  /// TODO: handle errors if any color component is out of range
  long int combined() const { return ((red() * 256L + green()) * 256) + blue(); }
private:
  int red_, green_, blue_;
};

inline bool operator==(color const& a, color const& b)
{
  return a.combined() == b.combined();
}

inline bool operator!=(color const& a, color const& b)
{
  return not (a == b);
}

inline bool order_color(color const& a, color const& b)
{
  return a.combined() < b.combined();
}

/// Write a color in HTML format: \#RRGGBB.
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, color const& c)
{
  std::ostringstream tmp;
  // The hex manipulator tells a stream to write or read in hexadecimal (base 16).
  tmp << '#' << std::hex << std::setw(6) << std::setfill('0') << c.combined();
  out << tmp.str();
  return out;
}

class ioflags
{
public:
  /// Save the formatting flags from @p stream.
  ioflags(std::basic_ios<char>& stream) : stream_(stream), flags_(stream.flags()) {}
  /// Restore the formatting flags.
  ~ioflags() { stream_.flags(flags_); }
private:
  std::basic_ios<char>& stream_;
  std::ios_base::fmtflags flags_;
};

std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, color& c)
{
  ioflags flags(in);

  char hash;
  if (not (in >> hash))
    return in;
  if (hash != '#')
  {
    // malformed color: no leading # character
    in.unget();                 // return the character to the input stream
    in.setstate(in.failbit);    // set the failure state
    return in;
  }
  // Read the color number, which is hexadecimal: RRGGBB.
  int combined;
  in >> std::hex >> std::noskipws;
  if (not (in >> combined))
    return in;
  // Extract the R, G, and B bytes.
  int red, green, blue;
  blue = combined % 256;
  combined = combined / 256;
  green = combined % 256;
  combined = combined / 256;
  red = combined % 256;

  // Assign to c only after successfully reading all the color components.
  c = color(red, green, blue);

  return in;
}